A Study of Tradition 8 of the 12 Traditions of AA

A Study of Tradition 8 of the 12 Traditions of AA October 15, 2018 Martin Barraud/OJO Images/Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Tradition 8 of a 12-step program  says, Twelfth step works should always be nonprofessional, but our service centers may employ special workers. This tradition allows contributions to be used for support services while the groups provide only non-professional, mutual support. Tradition 8 ensures that any time a newcomer reaches out for help, he will receive it, free of charge. Members freely share their own  experience, strength, and hope  with the newcomer and by doing so, help themselves by reinforcing their own recovery in the process. As Step 12 says, Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to others, and to practice these principles in all our affairs. There is a saying in 12-step groups, In order to keep it, you must give it away, with the key word being give.   Non-Professional Mutual Support Many times, newcomers to the program will go to their first meeting expecting to find trained professionals who are there to help them. What they find instead is a fellowship of equals who are gathered together for mutual support. There are no doctors, therapists, or counselors, only other members who have or have had the same problem in their lives. Thats not to say, some of those members are not doctors and professionals, but they leave those outside affiliations at the door. Its how the 12-step programs work, by giving it away in order to keep it. Tradition 7 says that 12-step groups are self-supporting through their own contributions. These contributions are used to employ special workers and maintain the district, area, and worldwide structure. This tradition is reflected in the history of AA when  John D. Rockefeller, Jr. rejected a giving a large donation  as it would spoil the thing and they must become self-supporting to be successful. Many people do not trust authority. This is true of those who want to become sober. Going to a professional counselor is different from going to a group of others who are in recovery. Twelve-step groups are different from professional recovery services, offering the support that the members feel in sharing and listening to each others stories. There is no authority the member can rebel against. Hiring Special Workers Twelve-step organizations at the national, state, and regional levels may have service centers which serve the fellowships as a whole by printing and distributing literature and meeting schedules, maintaining answering services, and other tasks. These central offices and service centers many times involve more work than volunteer service workers can provide, so some hire full- and part-time employees to do the necessary labor to keep them running smoothly. Tradition 8, therefore, allows for the special workers to be hired and paid a salary to do the work that volunteers cannot cover. Special workers may be employed to keep the AA message alive around the world through printing, communications, and other technology. This is not paying for 12th-step work but paying for the services needed to support it with literature and outreach. Members understand the difference between paying for support services but not paying for professional counselors.

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The Role of the Military in Nigeria Politics - 2607 Words

THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY IN NIGERIA POLITICS BY IRABOR IKECHUKWU EMMANUEL. MPA 822. THIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTERS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (MPA). UNIVERSITY OF BENIN. LECTURER DR EBOHON JANUARY, 2012 INTRODUCTION The role of the military in Nigeria politics cannot be over looked. We are going to analyse this issue from 1966-1979, 1983-1999 and their role in present day democracy. The Federation of Nigeria, as it is known today, has never really been one homogeneous country, for its widely differing peoples and tribes. This obvious fact notwithstanding, the former colonial master decided to keep the†¦show more content†¦This simple and seemingly innocuous action broke the last thread and split the last institution symbolizing Nigerias nationhood and cohesion which had been regularly tampered with by the politicians since 1962. Apart from this, none of the other recommendations was fully implemented except nullification of the unification decree. There was tension in all the regions. Lt. Col. Ojukwu was called under the auspices of Gen. Ankrah of Ghana in Aburi, Ghana. As it turned out, all the other members of the council except Ojukwu were too thrusting, too naive or too ill - prepared for the meeting. Therefore Ojukwu scored a vital goal in his ambition. Walter Schwarz remarked : Ojukwu got his way with little effort, by being the cleverest. The aburi accor was not fully implemented by Gowon. All efforts to intervene by eminent Nigerians and well - wishers to Nigeria like Gen. Ankrah, late Emperor Hallie Selassie of Ethiopia and the late Dr Martin Luther King proved abortive. As a result of this and some other reasons,the civil warbroke out on 6th July 1967 and was fought till 10th January 1970. Gowon was praised because of the way he handled the war.But refused to leave in 1976 as promised. This made muritahla take over and promised to run a triangulate government (army, navy, airforce). His administration was short due to his assacination. This saw Obansanjor taking over from 1975 to 1979.He promised to run on his predecessors policies but failedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Military Governance in Nigeria Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesNigeria is an oil-rich state located in the eastern part of African. Since gaining independence in 1960, it has faced numerous regime changes. These fluctuations in stable governance have both positively and negatively affected the livelihood of the Nigerian people. The struggle for power has been a toss-up between civilian governments and militaristic dictators, each fighting to gain control of the lucrative oil reserves. 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History, religion and ethnicity link northern Nigeria to North Africa, the Middle East and the larger Muslim world (Babalola). Nigerian Muslims, particularly elites, travel frequently to the Middle East and Muslim Asia and are part of the struggle of ideas in which al-Qaeda and other jihadi groups alsoRead MoreThe Musical Genre Of Afrobeat1525 Words   |  7 Pagesmusic. The coming of this genre is very interesting since the man behind it has quite a story. Fela Kuti’s family background plays an interesting role in the making of Afrobeat. Fela’s father was a pastor and his mother was feminist activist active in the anti-colonial and anti- military movements in Nigeria. â€Å"So at an early age, Fela experienced politics and music in a seamless combination† (Dougan). Yet, he was sent to London for an education in medicine, however Fela registered at Trinity College’s

Mozambique Flooding Free Essays

Mozambique’s worst flooding in 50 years led to impacts and effects that devastated the country and the people not only socially but also physically and economically too. In the table below I have separated the floods’ effects into Short term and long term effects: Short term effectsLong term effects Electricity Cut-off- Electricity was cut off due to the torrential water’s force that swept away the electricity transmission towers. Death and severe injuries- 100s died as a result of the floods, thousands suffered from water-borne diseases and dysentery. We will write a custom essay sample on Mozambique Flooding or any similar topic only for you Order Now Transport – Transport is a major struggle in LEDCs like Mozambique and the floods made that worse by wrecking 620 miles of roads and railways and also damaging vehicles, moreover this made rescuing, distributing food, drinks and aid even harder. Cleaning up the mess- All the debris and rubble left by the floodwaters which it gained through Hydraulic action and then traction or were ramshackle parts from buildings, took a lot of effort to manage and clear up, especially for Mozambique, being a LEDC country. Communication links broken- The communication links weren’t available everywhere in Mozambique in the first place so the residents didn’t get a warning. And by not being able to warn the people, more damages were made certain. Agriculture disrupted- Much of the land in Mozambique is dedicated to agriculture (62%) as it is a common job for Mozambicans. However, most of the crops were destroyed by the floodwaters, devastating the land owners and the country’s economic status further. Shortage of food and water- Lack of food and water was a temporary problem. The water most people drank was contaminated, thus people became ill by diseases such as; Dysentery, Typhoid, Cholera, etc. Homes and Buildings destroyed- Buildings in urban areas (Maputo, Beira) were entirely destroyed by the flood and the cyclone. Rebuilding them could take years and a lot of money. How to cite Mozambique Flooding, Essay examples

The Third As Shakespeare Presents Essay Example For Students

The Third As Shakespeare Presents Essay Examine The Character Of Richard The Third As Shakespeare Presents Him To Us, And The Ways In Which The Play May Reflect A Distinctively Tudor View Of History.  In Shakespeares King Richard III we are presented with the controversial character of Richard. The audience bears witness to the behaviour and techniques he uses in order to reach and eventually seize the throne.  A variety of contrasting characteristics make up Richards character. He is frequently portrayed as a manipulator. This distinguishing feature of Richards becomes apparent from the beginning of the play, as early as in Act 1 Scene 1, as Richard manipulates his brother Clarence in order to cause conflict with the Woodvilles. Tis not the king that sends you to the tower. My lady Grey, his wife, Clarence, tis she that tempts him to this harsh extremity We see from this that Richard is shifting any blame on to those who he dislikes, in this case, the Woodvilles, regardless of whether they are to blame or not. We will write a custom essay on The Third As Shakespeare Presents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now All the while he plays the loving brother type to Clarence Well, your imprisonment shall not be long. I will deliver you or else lie for you. Meantime, have patience. However these loyal, loving words from brother to brother simply mask Richardss attempt to divert any future blame away from himself, as his intentions are for Clarence to remain imprisoned and eventually have him murdered. Furthermore, Richard utilizes his skills of manipulation when arranging Clarences murder in Act 1 Scene 4, feeding compliments to the murderers to ensure they execute his plans appropriately Your eyes drop millstones when fools eyes fall tears. I like you, lads. He makes them feel worthy and important, although in his mind they will become worthless to him after their job is carried out.  Richardss manipulative skills are at their finest and most valuable during the wooing of Anne. He is bold, daring and extremely inappropriate by approaching Anne at her husbands funeral. However this is typical of Richardss character, selecting the most inappropriate time in order to catch Anne off guard, perhaps even intriguing her. He starts simply by complimenting her Sweet saint, for charity, be not so curst attracting her attention early, despite her obvious signs of loathing And thou unfit for any place but hell. Despite her malice this scorn only serves to encourage, as Richard proves extremely persistent. Perhaps she cannot understand why, which is what draws her to him. Arguably his most inappropriate comment to Anne occurs when she questions whether Some Dungeon is the only place he is suited for, to which he simply responds Your bedchamber. She once again disregards him but he continues, even suggesting that he was involved in the killing of her husband out of love for her Your beauty was the cause of that effect. You would imagine that Richards endeavour has failed when Anne spits at him. But it is at this point we are made aware that Richard is a gambler, playing with remarkably high stakes. His life. He suggests that if her detest of him is that strong then he would let her take his life I lay it naked to the deadly stroke and humbly beg the death upon my knee. Although Richard may not be certain if his gamble will pay off, he approaches it with extreme confidence and even when Anne lays down the sword, he bids her take it up again, or even make him kill himself, however Richard has succeeded, Anne has refused to take his life, thus leaving her guard down, Richard sees his opportunity as she appears at her most vulnerable and gives her a ring, symbolising their new found unity, his tremendous acting and manipulative skills have given Richard the rewards from his high stake gamble. .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b , .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .postImageUrl , .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b , .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b:hover , .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b:visited , .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b:active { border:0!important; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b:active , .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u033224ebf1eaff03d56f96a60f58087b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Act 3, scene 1 fit into the structure of 'Romeo and Juliet', and how does Shakespeare create dramatic tension in the scene? EssayWe see a very similar tactic with a very different outcome in Act 4 Scene 4 when Richard attempts to persuade Queen Elizabeth to help him to marry her daughter. The audience again see the skill in Richards techniques of persuasion and how intelligent he is with his words. Shakespeare has presented us with a character that knows exactly how to play to people. He is bold, displays his obvious confidence and higher power and uses flattery to charm whoever he is talking to I mean that with my soul I love they daughter and do intend to make h er Queen of England. Though with Elizabeth this is not the case, she outwits and upstages him by lulling him into thinking he has succeeded, as soon as she is free, she arranges for her daughter to marry Richmond, Richards enemy and the future king of England Henry VII. Perhaps this is due to Richard becoming less self-assured and more paranoid as the play goes on, his once flawless ability to manipulate has withered. Shakespeare has portrayed Richard as an actor in many ways. The audience sees him take on a number of roles throughout the play, in order to cheat and lie his way to the throne. The first time Richard is shown to the audience he is playing a role, the first half of his opening monologue is in the style of a congratulatory speech of glorious victory, playing to the crowd and stamping himself as a patriotic member of the house of York. Only do we see the real, bitter and personal side of Richard when he cannot be heard, he is obsessive over his deformities But I that am not shaped for sportive tricks and I that am rudely stamped however he is obviously aware of them and the burden they bring, he is aware that he is not attractive and uses this to justify his future actions since I cannot prove a lover to entertain these fair well-spoken days, I am determined to prove a villain.

Examining The Easy Jet Airline Company Operation Strategy Tourism Essays

Examining The Easy Jet Airline Company Operation Strategy Tourism Essays Examining The Easy Jet Airline Company Operation Strategy Tourism Essay Examining The Easy Jet Airline Company Operation Strategy Tourism Essay Operation Management, Plagrave Macmillan NewYork. 2: Waller, L.D. ( 2003 ) , Operation Management, Gray Publishing Kent. 3: Information available on www.easyjet.com, accessed on 10th December 2010. 4: Information available on www.datamonitor.com, accessed on 25th November 2010. 5: Information available on www.crm2day.com, accessed on 15th November 2010. 6: Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. 2002, Internet Business Models and Schemes: Text and instances, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill 7: Information available on www.businessteacher.org.com, accessed on 15th December 2010.

Learn To Sing O Holy Night in Spanish

Learn To Sing O Holy Night in Spanish These are Spanish lyrics to the popular Christmas hymn O Holy Night. The hymn was originally written in 1843 in French as Minuit, chrà ©tiens (Midnight, Christians) by Placide Cappeau, and multiple versions exist in both Spanish and English. Oh santa noche Oh noche santa de estrellas refulgentes,esta es la noche en que el salvador nacià ³.Tanto esperà ³ el mundo en su pecado,hasta que Dios derramà ³ su inmenso amor. Un canto de esperanza, al mundo regocija,por el que ilumina una nueva maà ±anaponte de rodillas, escucha reverente. ¡Oh noche divina! Cristo nacià ³. ¡Oh noche divina! nacià ³ Jesà ºs. Guà ­a la luz de fe, serenamente,de corazà ³n ante su trono a adorar.Oro, incienso y mirra antaà ±o le trajeron,la vida hoy le entregamos sin dudar. Al rey de reyes cantamos esta nochey su amor eterno proclame nuestra voz,todos ante à ©l, delante su presenciapostrados ante el rey, a nuestro Rey.Al Rey de los siglos, adoracià ³n. Nos enseà ±Ãƒ ³ amarnos uno al otro;su voz fue amor, su evangelio es paz.Nos hizo libres del yugo y las cadenasde opresià ³n, que en su nombre destruyà ³. De gratitud y gozo, dulces himnos cantael corazà ³n humilde que a toda voz proclama: ¡Cristo el salvador!  Ã‚ ¡Cristo el Seà ±or!Por siempre y para siempre, todo el honorla gloria y el poder, sean para à ©l. English Translation of Spanish Lyrics O holy night of brilliant stars,this is the night in which the savior was born.The world in its sin waited so longuntil God poured out his immense love. A song of hope, the world rejoicesfor he who brightens the new morning.Kneel, listen reverently.O night divine! Christ was born.O night divine, Jesus was born. The light of faith serenely guidesour hearts before His throne to adore him.Gold, incense, and myrrh they once brought him.Our lives today we unhesitatingtly hand over to him. We sing to the king of kings this night,and our voice proclaims his eternal love.All before him, before his presence,prostrate before the king, our king,giving adoration to the king of the ages. He teaches us to love one another;his voice was love, his gospel is peace.He made us free of the yoke and chainsof oppression, which he destroyed in his name. Out of gratitude and joy, the humble heartsings sweet hymns, in full voice proclaiming:Christ the savior! Christ the Lord!Forever and ever, all the honor,the power, and the glory are for him. Grammar and Vocabulary notes Oh: This interjection is used roughly the same as the English oh or the poetic o. Santa: Santa is the singular feminine form of santo, which has more than a dozen meanings. Its the word for saint, and as an adjective it often means virtuous or holy. Tanto: Tanto is a common adjective used in making comparison, often meaning so or so much. In standard Spanish, tanto is shortened to tan to function as an adverb, but here the longer version is retained for poetic reasons. Nacià ³: This is a past-tense form of nacer, to be born. An inverted word order (cuando nacià ³ nuestro rey instead of cuando nuestro rey nacià ³) is used here for poetic purposes. El que: El que is often translated as he who or that which. Note that there is no accent mark on the el. Ponte: Ponte combines pon (an imperative form of poner) with the reflexive pronoun te. Ponerse de rodillas typically means to kneel. Sin dudar: Sin typically means without, while dudar is a common verb meaning to question or to doubt. So the phrase sin dudar can be used to mean without hesitation. Hizo: Hizo is a past-tense form of hacer, which is highly irregular. The verb nearly always means to make or to do. Dulce: Like the English word sweet, dulce can be used to refer to the taste of something or a personal quality. Siempre: Siempre is a common adverb meaning always. There is no significant difference in meaning between por siempre and para siempre; both can be translated as for always. The repetition here is for poetic emphasis, much like we might say for ever and ever in English. Sean: Sean is a subjunctive form of ser, a verb usually meaning to be.